Hysterosalpingography - HSG

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Hysterosalpingography, commonly called HSG, is an X-ray procedure used to view the uterine cavity and assess whether the fallopian tubes are open. A contrast liquid is introduced through the cervix while X-ray images are taken.

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When Is HSG Used?

- Evaluation of infertility
- Assessment of suspected tubal blockage
- Review after selected tubal surgery
- Investigation of uterine-cavity shape
- Assessment after previous pelvic infection or ectopic pregnancy when appropriate

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How the Test Is Performed

1. The test is scheduled at an appropriate time in the menstrual cycle
2. Pregnancy and infection risk are reviewed
3. A speculum is placed and the cervix is cleaned
4. A thin tube is used to introduce contrast into the uterus
5. X-ray images show the uterine outline and flow through the tubes
6. The doctor reviews results and recommends the next step

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What Might the Result Show?
- Both tubes appear open
- One tube appears blocked
- Both tubes appear blocked
- Possible spasm near the uterine end of a tube
- An abnormal uterine-cavity outline
- Need for additional imaging or hysteroscopy

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Possible Discomfort and Risks
- Menstrual-like cramping
- Light spotting
- Dizziness or nausea
- Allergic reaction to contrast, which is uncommon
- Pelvic infection
- Radiation exposure is low but the test is not performed during pregnancy