Testicular Biopsy

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A testicular biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the testis. In modern fertility care, tissue sampling may be performed as part of a sperm-retrieval procedure or, less commonly, for a specific diagnostic reason. It is not a routine test for every abnormal semen analysis.

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When May It Be Considered?

- Azoospermia after appropriate evaluation
- Need to retrieve sperm directly from testicular tissue
- Distinguishing selected sperm-production and obstruction patterns when other tests are insufficient
- Assessment of a specific testicular abnormality under specialist guidance

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Procedure Overview

1. Review of semen tests, hormones, examination and imaging
2. Genetic counselling or testing when indicated
3. Discussion of anaesthesia and sperm-freezing options
4. Removal or aspiration of a small tissue sample
5. Immediate laboratory search for sperm when retrieval is intended
6. Pathology evaluation when a diagnostic biopsy is required
7. Post-procedure wound and pain-care instructions

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Possible Risks

- Pain or swelling
- Bruising or bleeding
- Infection
- Scarring
- Testicular injury
- Reduced testosterone, particularly after more extensive procedures
- No sperm found

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