Laparoscopic Gynaecology

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Female urology and urogynaecology focus on bladder, urethral and pelvic-floor conditions affecting women. These problems may occur at any age and can become more noticeable during pregnancy, after childbirth or around menopause.

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Symptoms That Need Evaluation

- Urine leakage while coughing, laughing or exercising
- Sudden urgency or inability to reach the toilet
- Frequent urination or waking repeatedly at night
- Pain or burning during urination
- Recurrent urinary infections
- Difficulty emptying the bladder
- Pelvic pressure or a vaginal bulge
- Pain related to the bladder or pelvic floor

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Evaluation May Include
- Medical, pregnancy and childbirth history
- Urine testing
- Pelvic and neurological examination
- Bladder diary
- Measurement of urine remaining after voiding
- Ultrasound
- Urodynamic testing in selected cases
- Cystoscopy when clinically indicated

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Treatment Options
- Lifestyle and fluid guidance
- Bladder training
- Pelvic-floor physiotherapy
- Medicines for selected conditions
- Pessary support for prolapse
- Treatment of infection or underlying disease
- Surgery when conservative treatment is unsuccessful and symptoms are significant